Loss of capture was documented in only eight patients (1.0%). A total of 18 (2.3%) TPPM-related infections were reported, in which the duration of TPPM use was less than 30 days in at least 15 patients. The duration of TPPM usage varied from a few days up to 336 days. Indications for pacing included device infection, sick sinus syndrome, atrioventricular block, ventricular tachycardia, and bradyarrhythmias associated with systemic illness. The age group was primarily above the sixth decade of life, with the exception of one that included pediatric patients. The search keywords used were “temporary permanent pacemaker,” “external permanent pacemaker,” “active fixation lead,” “explantable pacemaker,” “hybrid pacing,” “temporary permanent generator,” “prolonged temporary transvenous pacing,” and “semipermanent pacemaker.” A total of 24 studies with 770 patients were ultimately included in our review. Articles were screened up to January 2017. The literature search was performed in PubMed, Google Scholar, and other databases and articles written in English and Spanish were considered. We excluded documents such as editorials and image case reports that provided little to no useful information for the final analysis. Most articles found were case reports and case series, with few prospective studies. ![]() Here, we performed a review of the literature on the use of TPPMs and their advantages over temporary pacemakers with passive fixation leads and in order to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of active and passive fixation leads in temporary cardiac pacing. This is known as a temporary PPM (TPPM) approach, which carries a very low risk of lead dislodgement and allows patients to ambulate, among other advantages. Thus, over the last couple of decades, pacemaker leads with an active fixation mechanism have become increasingly used. Temporary cardiac pacing with passive fixation leads has also been related to a higher incidence of infection and venous thrombosis, delayed recovery, and increased length of stay. Even then, the latter cannot always be prevented. The downside, however, is that patients must remain on telemetry and bed rest until lead removal due to the risk of displacement and failure to capture. ![]() For years, passive fixation leads have been used for this purpose, offering the advantage of that they can be placed at bedside. Temporary cardiac pacing is commonly used in patients with life-threatening bradycardia and serves as a bridge to implantation of a permanent pacemaker (PPM). BANCHS, MD, FACC, FHRS 1ġ Section of Electrophysiology & Pacing, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Temple Memorial Hospital, Baylor Scott & White Health, Dallas, TX, USAĪBSTRACT. A Review of Temporary Permanent Pacemakers and a Comparison with Conventional Temporary Pacemakers
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